Argumentative Essay On Animal Testing - 1154 Words

Most people are aware that animals are used for testing on many different products such as food, drugs, and cosmetics. Animals are used for testing on these different products before they are released to humans to ensure it’s safe for human use, the reason animals are used such as rats and chimps is because they share about 99% of the same DNA as us humans. Many medical breakthroughs have happened because of the use of animal testing, according to the California Biomedical Research Association, â€Å"nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals.† Without testing on animals humans would be much more likely to get certain cancers or diseases from products. Despite the positive sides†¦show more content†¦Many cosmetic companies recently have came out by saying they have banned animal testing on their products and are now cruelty free, some of those brands are Kat Von D, Anastasia Beverly Hills, Nyx, and Dose of Colors just to name a few out of the 101 that are cruelty free. Animal testing on cosmetics in the US is not something that is mandatory, in China however, they do require all cosmetics are tested on animals first. Some companies based within the US send their products to be tested on animals there rather than here in the US. Most cosmetics are tested on smaller animals such as rice, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs. The tests often performed according to The Humane Society are, â€Å"skin and eye irritations, eating of products to see if there’s the potential for cancer or other defects, and testing the dosage to see how much would cause death.† All of these tests are performed against their will and without any pain relief. The truth is, companies that sell cosmetics and beauty do not need to test on animals at all, there are already safe alternatives that do not harm any animals or humans, such as using ingredients in their products that have a long history of being safe for human use, by using these ingredients no animal testing needs to take place before selling them to humans. Most companies stick to using animal testing as a way to test out new products they haveShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Animal Testing1189 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Experimentation Animal experimentation has become a common practice among scientists around the world for various purposes, specifically including the improvement of human lives. With this in mind, to what lengths are we willing to go far enough to realize that animal experimentation is costing us our own humanity and compassion to the world around us? In the United States alone, there are over 100 million animals that are burned, crippled, or killed during in vivo studies in laboratoriesRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Animal Testing756 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Animals all over the world are being mistreated and abused, what have we done to help them? Over many years animal testing has developed life saving techniques. Though it has taken the lives of over 2.6 million animals lives just in the us alone. Animal testing is a growing issue throughout the entire world, not only is it affecting the lives of the animals, but the people who use the products too. It may not physically be hurting them, but more so emotionally. The moral issue is thatRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Animal Testing859 Words   |  4 Pagessciences is the use non-human test subjects by medical research institutions. Animals used for experimentation can provide extremely important information due to their physical and genetic similarities to humans. The tradeoff to furthering the field of medical science is that often times these experiments result in pain, suffering, and death of the test subjects. This raises serious ethical and moral questions about the use of animal experimentation. It is a matter of serious debate as to whether the useRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Animal Testing1485 Words   |  6 Pagesinhale toxic gases. This is just a couple examples of the pain and suffering animals go through while being experimented on. Experimentation can be defined as a process that performs a scientific procedure that usually takes place in the lab to dictate something. Animal experimentation is unethical because of the many terrible tests conducted, it’s cruel, animals are equivalent to humans, and it’s not necessary. Animal testing has been around for a long time. Going all the way back to 384 - 322 BCRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Animal Testing1834 Words   |  8 PagesAnimals are used by scientists to develop research for new medications and experiments daily. The Humane Society is working to decrease the use of animals in laboratories by promoting the advancement of affective alternative approaches. Animal testing provides a useful model for treatments of diseases and possible cures. According to the US-based foundation of Biomedical Research, animal testing has made a major advance within the last century- for veterinary health and humans. The practice of usingRead MoreArgumentative Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesArgumentative Essay The function of an argumentative essay is to show that your assertion (opinion, theory, and hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others. The art of argumentation is not an easy skill to acquire. Many people might think that if one simply has an opinion, one can argue it successfully, and these folks are always surprised when others dont agree with them because their logic seems so correct. Argumentative writing is the act of formingRead MoreSave Animals. Say No to Animal Testing!1390 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative essay: Save animals. Say no to animal testing! Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that many companies test their products like cosmetics and medicines with animals before production to check their products ’safety and quality. A huge amount of animals are used in research purpose every year. Is it right for human beings to sacrifice millions of animals for testing purpose? Should animal testing be banned? Animal testing is a controversial issue and there is a heated debated about prosRead MoreAnimal Testing And Its Morality1283 Words   |  6 PagesARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY Every year in the United States of America more than 100 million helpless animals will suffer and die from malicious chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests. Rabbits, Cats, birds, reptiles and amphibians are not covered by the minimal protections of the Animal Welfare Act, so they go unnoticed towards the millions of sufferers. Millions of rodents, birds, rabbits, primates, felines, canines, and other types of animals are locked inside barren cages in laboratories acrossRead MoreWriting and Research Paper2935 Words   |  12 PagesGrade Percentages Essay #1: (10%) 500 word personal memoir on childhood and family, or a sense of place Essay #2: (10%) 750 argument essay: gender roles Essay #3: (25%) 1,000 word researched and documented argumentative/persuasive Essay Essay # 4 (10%) Mid-term: Critical Analysis Essay #5: (15%) 500 word Critical analysis Essay/ oral presentation Essay # 6: (10%) Final: in-class essay Other grades: Read MoreEssay about The Morals and Ethics of Genetic Engineering3310 Words   |  14 Pagesincrease pest resistance, but have not been found to be dangerous to humans. Although these proteins are capable of killing many insects, they have no dangerous side effects for Mammalia or birds, as well, meaning not only safety for humans but for animals in their natural environments as well. This gives them a biological ability to deter pests and reduces the need for chemical pesticides that persist in the environment and cause damage long after they have been applied. I chose to include it to the

My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing - 1407 Words

Personal Philosophy of Nursing The journey to development of my personal philosophy of nursing quite possibly began in my preteen and teenage years. It was brought about from experiences I had when I was doing missions work in Mexico. While these missions left quite an impact upon me, it did not end there. Time, age, experience and education also played critical roles in development of my personal nursing philosophy. These factors have helped my nursing philosophy grow and has allowed me to refine it. The purpose of this paper is to identify according to my views, what nursing is, my perspective of nursing, values and beliefs about nursing, ascertain two principles or rules that guide my nursing practice, and finally a reflection and conclusion. Definition of Nursing In order to decide on an accurate and well-described definition of what nursing is I sought multiple sources and decided upon two that I feel are representative of nursing. The American Nurses Association (ANA, 2015) declares, â€Å"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.† As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015) Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1475 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing When one thinks of a nurse they often think of a caring, compassionate, knowledgeable individual. They don’t often think that every nurse comes from different situation, past experiences, and life changing events that make nurses who he or she is. Everyone on this earth is unique and has something to contribute. The same goes for patients. Each patient has a different background and have different interests which make them who they are. In order to give the optimalRead MorePersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1190 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing Megan A. Farrell Moberly Area Community College Introduction I, Megan Farrell, am currently a Licensed Practical Nurse at a treatment center that works with prisoners. I accepted a clinical positon here as a graduate, but plan to work in a hospital setting once I have become a Registered Nurse working in the Intensive Care Unit. I quickly worked my way up the latter from the clinic nurse to the Chronic Care nurse and I am quite passionate about furtherRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1093 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy is a distinct disciple on its own right, and all disciplines can claim their own philosophical bases that form guidelines for their goal† (Meleis, 2012, p. 28). In simpler terms, philosophy is your worldview and thought process of life. Our philosophy transcends into our beliefs and values’, examining our philosophy allows us to discover what is important to us and helps define priorities and goals (Meleis, 2012, p.28). Being aware of our philosophy creates individuality in each personRead MoreNursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing932 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Nursing My personal philosophy of nursing began at an early age watching my mother volunteer for 25 years on the local rescue squad, following in the footsteps of her mother. I learned that helping others in a time of need should always be a priority. Respect and dignity should always be shown to people, no matter the who they are or where they are from. I have and will continue to show compassion for others while administering professional holistic care, guided by the AmericanRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1304 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Nursing Philosophy A nursing philosophy is concepts or values that a nurse embraces within his/her practice and allows these concepts and values to shape the way he/she practices nursing and drives the purpose of their nursing care. It is important for each nurse to develop his/her philosophy of nursing to be a purpose driven nurse. Each nurse will have his/her own nurse philosophy because each believes differently. Nursing philosophies might come from different understandings butRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1053 Words   |  5 PagesThis aforementioned are the podium upon which the value and philosophies of the success of each profession is based. These philosophies and values do not operate in a vacuum. They influence the way which professionals carry out their day to day activities for maximum success. Consequently, Nursing and Nurses are not immune to the great influence of values and philosophies, be it at personal or corporate levels. This is because, nursing as a profession d eals with the constant interaction with patients;Read MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing949 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing My inspiration to pursue a career in Nursing began at a young age, after reading the biography of Florence Nightingale. I was in middle school, and intrigued at her courage, and dedication to care for the sick. As I entered college, and into a formal nursing education program, I still viewed nursing as, the care provided to another in need. Without my knowing, I was developing a philosophy of nursing for myself. As the years passed, I began to realize that nursingRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1676 Words   |  7 Pagesfamous philosophies and a personal nursing philosophy is presented, including the personal definitions of the four phenomena of nursing namely person, environment, health, and nursing. The said philosophy will then be compared to other professionally-acclaimed philosophies. Included in the discussion is the importance of a nurse’s role in providing health care to persons, family, and the society and how it is able to address problems in the face of cultural and spiritual differences. Personal PhilosophyRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1081 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 1 PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 6 Personal Philosophy of Nursing Caroline Thiongo BSN V Millers College of Nursing Abstract This paper explores my personal nursing philosophy that I will convey in my career of nursing. It is my belief that nursing is a commitment to public service and a desire to help those in need. Nursing is a discipline of knowledge acquired both through formal education and through life experiences. The sum of these parts continuesRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1330 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing The purpose of this essay is to depict the personal philosophy of nursing and any future aspirations I have acquired in my first semester of nursing school. Before I can create my own philosophy of nursing, I must first understand and define what philosophy is and how it relates to nursing. According to  the Oxford Dictionary, philosophy is â€Å"the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline†

Corruption in Kenya - 4555 Words

Corruption in Kenya Introduction Corruption is a global phenomenon and is not bound to be found only in the developing countries but also in the developed countries of the world. Corruption crosses boundaries or age and is mentioned in the religious books of old such as the Bible (Deuteronomy Chapter 16, verses 19), and in Chinese dynasty of Qin Dynasty (221-207).[1] Examples of corruption in developed countries include in Russia where the government of Putin went through all methods known to them to corruptly take away the petroleum mining from the owner,[2]who also is accused of having acquired the wealth corruptly under the leadership of Boris Yeltin’s rule which cost Russia its valued national resources and gave it to the oligarchy†¦show more content†¦In the Kenyan scope, corruption is defined to include â€Å"benefit which means any gift, loan, fee, reward, appointment, service, favour, forbearance, promise or other consideration or advantage; corruption referring to an offence under any of th e provisions of sections 39 to 44, 46 and 47; bribery; fraud; embezzlement or misappropriation of public funds; abuse of office; breach of trust; or an offence involving dishonesty - in connection with any tax, rate or impost levied under any Act or under any written law relating to the elections of persons to public office.[13]Together with these are the Economic crimes referring to offences under section 45; or offences involving dishonesty under any written law providing for the maintenance or protection of the public revenue.[14] This wide definition of corruption does not cover any corrupt activities committed in a private entity or fund. This does not however imply that corruption only occurs in the public sector. Instead the network of corruption extends into executive, judiciary, legislative, civil-service, private sector down to the village tycoon and villager who gives gifts toShow MoreRelatedEffect of Corruption on Kenyas Economoc Growth6642 Words   |  27 PagesOF ECONOMICS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENYA MULEMBO ENOKA X75/3844/2008 GERALD NGILAI MUEMA X74/3741/2008 GITHINJI JOSEPH MULWA X74/3726/2008 WANGARI ELIJAH GACHOHI X75/3777/2008 KIRU JOSEPH KAMAU X74/ 3599 /2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background to the study 1 1.1.1 Ministry of Finance Kenya†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2 1.2 Research ProblemRead MoreThe Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies INTRODUCTION One thing can be said-the mere fact that corruption has become an item of national preoccupation is paradoxically the first real achievement by Kenyans over corruption Since the end of the last decade the emphasis has moved from building public awareness on corruption issues to understanding the nature of corruption and its effects on the economy, society and politics; understanding the nature of the beast asRead MoreThe Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies INTRODUCTION One thing can be said-the mere fact that corruption has become an item of national preoccupation is paradoxically the first real achievement by Kenyans over corruption Since the end of the last decade the emphasis has moved from building public awareness on corruption issues to understanding the nature of corruption and its effects on the economy, society and politics; understanding the nature of the beastRead MoreCorruption Is A Matter Of Great Concern For The Nation1742 Words   |  7 PagesBritish Government in 1963, Kenya has been plagued with corruption. Combating corruption is a matter of great concern for the nation, largely because corruption in Kenya is not just centralized at the head of government, but systematically rooted throughout all levels of government and normalized within society. Kenyans have developed a culture of corruption that cannot be easily broken, and poor governance can be attributed to the entrenchment of corruption throughout Kenya. G overnment institutionsRead MoreSummary Of Dust By Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor1110 Words   |  5 PagesCorruption in Kenya â€Å"Dust†, is a really powerful novel that talks about corruption that created crisis in Kenya from 1960s to 21st century, written by Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor. It tells a story about post-colonial Kenya through two families, Oganda and Bolton family. It centers on the connections between Oganda family and Bolton family in rural area of Kenya. This book portraits a really strong movement of those family and their involvement in the late 1960s. Furthermore, the authorRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Colonization1603 Words   |  7 Pagescountries around the world that have trouble with corruption; specifically; Kenya. Corruption has plagued Kenya since colonization when the British Empire took over in 1895, and has not lessened over time. The long term effects of colonization by the British is what caused Kenya to be as corrupt as it is today. Before such dishonesties ensued, there were several historical milestones that significantly impacted Kenya. One of them was the day Kenya gained their independence in 1963. There wasRead MoreNigeria And Keny Corruption Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the last 10 years, Nigeria and Kenya have been partly free. Corruption is the greatest indicator among both for the lack of democracy. In Nigeria, corruption stems from the problem with oil, it leads to political violence, repression and unchecked government power. In Kenya, corruption arises from economic interests, causing political instability and hindering development. In addition to that, both experience electoral corruption. Conversely, civil societies active participation in theRead MorePolitical Corruption Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesPolitical corruption has existed throughout the ages. It believed to be most prominent in positions of power, because of the role money plays in getting people power. However , over the centuries, corruption has changed so much so as to not match a particular definition of corruption, perpetually growing deceptively harder to find (Ebbe). The broadest, most suitable definition which exists today simply states that corruption is any illegal act performed by a politician to produce results whichRead MoreRole Of Government In Government1155 Words   |  5 Pagesrule. The absence of political party competition enabled the president to control the appointment of the presiding officer, or the speaker, of the legislature. The closing years of Kenyatta’s rule were marked by rising intolerance and high-level corruption. He concentrated on creating Kikuyu dominance in business and among senior political appointees. Over the years, due to pressure from opposition parties, it became increasingly difficult for the president to influence the parliamentary agenda. InRead MoreAssignment : Managing International Companies1262 Words   |  6 Pagesrisk and make the most appropriate decisions before undertaking it. This article will examine the risks reports of five different countries in three different continents, sources of the risks and their impact. The countries that I will discuss are Kenya, China and Europe. Asian countries like China has been labelled CRT-3 risk due their strong export sector, state expenditure, development of infrastructure and construction ( A.M. Best Company, Inc., 2016). China has the world’s second largest GDP

Non Immigrant Visas Should Be Legal - 1501 Words

While it is a hotly debated topic, data shows that not only are H1-B and L1-B non-immigrant visas not costing Americans their jobs, as opponents to the programs contend, but they are, in fact, responsible for job creation in our country. H1-B visas are non-immigrant visas that allow an American employer to temporarily employ foreign workers in specialty occupations. The intent is to fortify the US workforce with individuals who have specific skill sets and advanced knowledge in their fields. These employees are limited to a 3 year stay in the country, which is extendable to six years in certain circumstances. Applicants are required to have a Bachelor’s degree or the equivalent in what is described as a field of human endeavor. Fields such as engineering, medicine, business, technology, and law qualify. While there is a cap of 65,000 issued visas per fiscal year, the Center for Immigration Studies estimated that the actual number of H1-B workers in the United States was somewhere between 650,000 and 700,000 as of September, 2009 due to various exemptions and renewals.. Universities, non-profits with university affiliations, and nonprofit or government research organizations are exempt from the fiscal yea r cap. Since this is an employer sponsored visa, if the foreign worker leaves his or her job, he or she is required to either leave the country, or get a new employer sponsor. L1-B visas are also nonimmigrant visas, meaning that they allow for temporary residencyShow MoreRelatedThe Department of Homeland Security for Immigration Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesundocumented Mexican individuals come to our country by illegally crossing the border or by initially having a visa and staying after the visa has expired. In most cases if an undocumented individual would like to apply for a green card, they must do so while residing in Mexico which is what keeps many undocumented people from applying. There are approximately 12 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S. It’s interesting that immigration law takes place within the U.S. Department of Justice insteadRead MoreEssay On Immigration In The United States1415 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are a little over 11 million illegal immigrants in the United States which seems like a big number and it is. In a 1993 Time/CNN poll, â€Å"73 percent of those questioned favored strict limits on immigrationâ₠¬  (Morrison, Noonan and Kuttner). Although this pool was performed twenty-four years ago, it is a good comparison to a poll performed by FOX News in July 2015, where those numbers have changed. One of the main things we often hear about illegal immigrants is that they are taking our jobs. HoweverRead MoreEssay about Illegal Immigration in the United States932 Words   |  4 Pagesongoing battle for many years. According to legal-dictionary an illegal immigrant is define as an alien (non-citizen) who has entered the united sates without government permission or stayed beyond the termination date of a visa. There are many problems that occur such as overpopulation, raising crime rates and unemployment. Some Americans have issues with illegal immigration and some do not. Those with the issues are concerned about illegal immigrants taking Americans jobs and not paying taxes.Read MoreImmigration Law Immigration law is a very interesting area of the law in which one has the1600 Words   |  7 PagesAlso, immigration law governs the legal status of people already in the country in matters such as citizenship and permanent residency. The United States maintains strict immigration laws; these laws regulate both the right of entry and internal rights of a foreigner. These rights can involve the duration of stay and the right to participate in government. Additionally, the United States has laws that allow for a naturalization process to take place by which immigrants may become U.S. citizens. TheRead MoreThe Growing Problem Of Illegal Immigration871 Words   |  4 Pagesyear, millions of immigrants pour into the United States illegally. Are there any possible solutions to this trend? Immigrants cross the border either by the means of, swimming, using fake documents or by the means of using work visas. â€Å"Nearly half of the 12 million-plus illegal aliens in America arrived legally with non-immigrant visas,† said David Seminara, a tenured member of the U.S. Foreign Service (Illegal Immigration). Usually after the work visas expire, immigrants stay in the UnitedRead MoreSuppression Of Foreigners : Stringency Of Immigration Policies Towards Immigrants1442 Words   |  6 Pagesforeigners: Stringency of immigration policies towards Immigrants The strict immigration policy has restricted countless non-immigrants in entering the United States. Every year, United States grant entry to a substantial amount of non-immigrants who generally enters the United States through various means. Due to various reforms of immigration policies post 9/11, the policies have become stricter than before. But, due to this many non-immigrants are neither allowed to enter nor stay in the UnitedRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1618 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents. In the United States currently, with every 2,000 legal immigrants, there are 5,000 illegal immigrants. Since the 1990’s, illegal immigrants have been tremendously outnumbering legal immigrants by millions. Because of this ruckus with illegal immigrants, U.S lawmakers have made many attempts to restructure the immigration laws so that we can actually have less of them. Ellis Island was an immigration center located in New York where immigrants mostly from Europe came into the U.S to live a joyfulRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthat migrate here daily. Within those 70,000 people, over 60,000 of them are businessmen, travelers and students. In the United States currently, we have about 5,000 people that are illegal immigrants; with 2,000 legal immigrants. Illegal immigrants have been to this day outnumbering the number of legal immigrants, which has been going on since the 1990’s. Mostly because of this matter, U.S lawmakers are now made a tremendous amount of attempt to enforce the immigration laws. Ellis Island was an immigrationRead MoreWhat Immigration Brings America And How Donald Trump Views It1166 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica where the Presidential Election is going to be held, people eagerly care about how the presidential candidates stand for immigration issue, because immigrants can seriously affect people’s daily lives: immigrants bring America lots of advantages both economically and cultu rally; however, immigrants do have drawbacks: illegal immigrants shared most of the welfare from programs provided by government, like â€Å"food stamps and Medicaid† (Meyer, 2015). All the presidential candidates have clear positionsRead MoreTighter Border Restrictions Will Reduce Illegal Immigration Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen taken to reduce the number of immigrants coming through unlawfully, many are still entering. Such passage brings forth numerous problems that must be dealt with accordingly. Therefore, I propose tighter border restrictions as well as ways to offer more legal immigration to those who wish to enter the United States for residential purposes. By doing so, our country will become safer and more secure. The great majority of illegal immigrants in the U.S. may have left their original

HRM Employment Relations

Question: Discuss about theHRMfor Employment Relations. Answer: Introduction Workplace conflict has been one of the emerging causes of pressure at workplace. It has emerged due to individuals or groups having conflict with respect to their perceived goals, values and opinions. This leads to conflicts when such individuals or groups need to work together for a common goal. Workplace conflict has emerged in every dimension and every level of any organization. The focus of this report is to look at the vices of this conflict in the context of cost to the organization. This has led to IR becoming a revenue function from being a cost function for several years. The use of several works of literature in this context has been used to understand the challenges and legislative situations that can drive this. We will also look the type of conflicts and the type of conflicts that benefit an organization. We will look at the details about the type of conflicts that threaten the very existence of the firm. There are several examples of work life conflict due to multicultu ral and multidimensional mixtures in Australia. There are also racial issues that have engulfed the Australian organizations in some ways. The Virtues and Vices of Workplace Conflict There are several pitfalls of having conflict at workplace. But there are several ways in which this conflict can lead to better delivery of results for the company. These could be related to some limited circumstances. These circumstances can be task related conflicts wherein parties may agree and disagree solely based on a task. This should never be mixed with personal and opiated views that clash for two individuals. This leads to conflicts when such individuals or groups need to work together for a common goal (Roche, Teague Colvin 2014). There should never be clashed due to religious and cultural issues. There should always be strict guidelines within the firm to avoid these. Other most hazardous conflicts are due to race and gender. These conflicts can create havoc for the organization especially after the proliferation of social media in this space. Nothing can ever be kept under wraps if some conflicts are out in the public domain. The new form of conflict is related to sexual orientation. Thus sex, race, color, community and religion must never become a source of organizational conflict (Roeters Craig 2014). Workplace conflict has emerged in every dimension and every level of any organization. The conflicts must also be of moderate intensity. There should not be conflict due to some preferential treatment. There should be a preference for a priori, suboptimal instead of optimum decision options. There should be trust within the team and there should be psychological safety when employees bring out opinions on th e table. There should be no retaliation in case there are opinions on the table that might not serve good to the management at large but benefits the productivity of the organization. Thus any form of innovation and diversity in opinion must never be curtailed within the team. Management must ensure that such decisions are in place. The use of several works of literature in this context has been used to understand the challenges and legislative situations that can drive this. The community must identify its efforts that lead to a generation of nonlinearities and a complete threshold of responses in the complete ecosystem that can lead to changes. The collaboration must be from local and national levels and must ensure that changes in policies are made according to the changes in corporate structure and IR. There should be restrictions on the export and import of legal materials that damage DNA of organizations and alter it in certain ways (Dollard, Bailey, McLinton, Richards, McTern an, Taylor Bond 2012). The problem faced in my organization is similar to the one depicted here. It originated because there is a cultural difference. Such issues lie in the most avoidable ones. Conflict Issues and Conflict Management The conflict issues have several causes one of them being scarce resources. These resources could be one or many of the following like, time, division of work and type of work, budgeting issues and status issues. There could be other reasons like value based conflicts. These could be due to political affiliations, religious and social conventions and deep rooted moral issues. There could also be differences with respect to insights and facts. Thus judgmental issues will arise. Thus there could be a single issue of conflict or a combination of conflict. These conflicts can also be termed as task related conflicts. There are certain ways in which team jobs can be done. These ways can be both positive and negative for the common task at hand. The other issues can arise from relationships and a combination of their values and humor (Haslam, Sanders Sofronoff 2013). The other conflicts can be task-related and person-related. Sometimes the way two people think are way different from each other. The way in which the interdependent relationship can be looked into can cause several common goal orientation issues. This is termed cooperative outcome interdependence. This can lead to a positive environment since opinion clashed are considered through interactive negotiations and there is more open-minded debates and opposing points of view. This can lead to solutions that seek benefits for all. The way in which such an interdependence can be pictured leads to relative advantages and conflict among parties. This can reduce the ridicule incase the opinions do not match on some issues. There are more value relative advantage than the insult generated from opinion and interest clashes. This leads to distributive bargaining and persuasive bolstering which can mitigate the effects of both task-related conflicts and relationship based conflicts. Thus bolsteri ng either cooperative or viable objective interdependence (Brunetto, Xerri Dienger 2013). The resolution and management of other conflicts can be task-related and person-related. Sometimes the way two people think are way different from each other. Thus fostering better communication through team building activities can be initiated. Such activities can lead to solutions that seek benefits for all and bring better coordination among the organization. IR premises on Workplace Conflict and Employment Relationship With the dawn on 20th century there has been a more corporate oriented HR and a more conflict oriented IR that is important. There has been a decline in unionism across the globe except certain countries where communism is still prevalent. Yet the importance of the IR perspective in characterizing the corporate HR policies can never be ignored (McKenzie 2015). There should be emphasis on problem solving and promotion of mutual trust and integration. The other causes of corporate integration can be taken into account (Atzeni Ghigliani 2013). The groundwork for incentives can be developed around cooperation. In the IR perspective we need to look at the power centers. This can lead to goods and services aligned in such a way that economic progress can be seen. In the most unbalanced form of this corporate tussle we can see that the IR premise is rooted in a power struggle and the powerful always have a better say at it. The powerless and weak lose their interests in a demeaning way. The way in which the interdependent relationship can be looked into can cause several common goal orientation issues. There should never be clashed due to religious and cultural issues. There should always be strict guidelines within the firm to avoid these (Australia 2013). Thus consistent in the IR context there are unions that represent the weaker voices. In the HR context there are no such voices that come up. This leads to issues at a later stage. The problems arise only when they reach a level and then mitigation is not possible. There could be other reasons like value based conflicts. These could be due to political affiliations, religious and social conventions and deep rooted moral issues (Gilbert, Raffo, Sutarso 2013). This explains why IR professionals have a deep rooted understanding of the complete picture when conflicts occur. The decline in private unionism has led to increase in conflict resolution rather than conflict mitigation. This is due to the lack of representative bodies that can talk on behalf of the employees. Thus such organizations have grievance management and grievance adaptive sections within the human resource framework. This can lead to solutions that seek benefits for all (Forsyth 2012). Work-Related Stress in Australia: Legislative Interventions There are several mental and psychological disorders that arise from mental conditions. There are clinically recognizable set of diseases and symptoms which are associated with lifestyle and stress. These mental issues deter a persons capacity of carry out day to day tasks. These mental disorders are categorized as community risks. Although these mental disorders can be community driven in general there are growing awareness of costs related to mental agony for such employees. These costs are then passed on to the company in general. As to the direct costs of mental health in Australia, the data collected by Safe Work denotes an increased worker compensation claims and increased duration of mental stress related issues and conditions that can be mitigated in this context. There are several conditions of academic consistency that come up with academic literature on this topic of stress due to workplace issues. This can lead to stressors in physical or psychological health and may affe ct physical and psychological health. A persons mental health can be effected by inability to cope with stress. This leads to a mental stress claim in work pressure and also has a highest median absence from work rate of 17 weeks per claim. The resolution and management of other conflicts can be task-related and person-related. Sometimes the way two people think are way different from each other. This can lead to a positive environment since opinion clashed are considered through interactive negotiations and there is more open-minded debates and opposing points of view. Australia has faced other issues like legislative structures collapsing in Western Australia after certain cases of racial motivated human rights violations in certain organizations. These violations have called for even stricter rules and regulations in entire Australian organizational culture. Work-life Conflict in Regional Australia- An Example There are several examples of work life conflict due to multicultural and multidimensional mixtures in Australia. There are also racial issues that have engulfed the Australian organizations in some ways. Recent studies indicate the rise of such incidents. There are ways in which work life balance can be increased in a number of organizations (Liu 2014). This can reduce employee turnover and the cost associated with it. We will look at this in the next section. The work life conflict is on the rise in Australian companies with blue collar workers. These workers have lost a lot of credibility in terms of resources in continental geographies. The conditions that lead to such workplace issues and also lead to stress can be grouped into two buckets in Australia. One of them is the labor market issues and the other is increased globalization and lower tolerance levels. There are contracts that have an unstable nature and labor markets are unstable in this manner. There are increased worker vulnerability due to increasing competition from the globalized world. There are several new forms of employment that have eaten into the old forms and there is a need to look at this in terms of job security and job certainty. Australia is also facing the issue of an aging workforce which has led to severe paralysis of certain structures. Thus Work intensification and Lean production and outsourcing have further led to issues with High emotional demands at work. Work Hours, Work-at-Home, Schedule Flexibility, and Work-Life Conflict The world is at the cross roads right now. We all know that the organizations has becomes an experimental field and one of the largest one in the history of mankind. There have been human effects on every phase of activity, biogeochemical cycles and land use regulations. There have be stringent regulations in this phase. The corporate ecosystem is facing a huge shift in the way the altered bio diversity can impact us. We can see it in the food chain itself for instance. Thus this concentration of greenhouse gases needs to be reduced further in order to ensure better operability of the land resources (Schmidt, Roesler, Kusserow Rau 2014). There have to be species introductions for the same. In the past Montreal Protocol prohibited the release of employee turnovers with response from scientific evidence suggesting that these issues have been on rise over the past decade. The solution thus lies in workplace flexibility and integrity independence. Thus the scientific impact of global average turnover and both employee conflict variations can be seen. They have studied the impact on local and global events, they have also studied the importance of frequency and intensity of operations. We can also look at the changes in the soil moisture and above- and below-ground biomass levels. Conclusion and Recommendation Thus we can conclude that there are very few reasons that conflict generate positivity in an organization. In most cases the conflicting issues cause damage to the organizational fabric. We can also see that there are very few positive functions that lead to an exceedingly narrow set of circumstances and conditions which lead to betterment of an organization. This leads to distributive bargaining and persuasive bolstering which can mitigate the effects of both task-related conflicts and relationship based conflicts. Thus bolstering either cooperative or viable objective interdependence. These could be due to political affiliations, religious and social conventions and deep rooted moral issues. . Management must ensure that such decisions are in place. The use of several works of literature in this context has been used to understand the challenges and legislative situations that can drive this. As we can see that in the context of the issue that I faced in my organization. Conflict can be handled effectively through communication. The manager must allow trust to be built in and we can look at the effects of such trust in the management. We can also see that how the management can oversee the effectiveness of the solutions and make sure all the parties are in synch when it comes to any corrective action. We can clearly see that these issues are the most avoidable issues hence they should not creep in the system of an organization. There are several ways in which conflict and conflict management positive functions can be criticized on certain grounds. Mitigation of conflict is difficult in HR context. IR professionals have better chances of resolving such issues since they understand it from a macro level. There are several ways in which a number of negative influences can be identified. There are ways in which the favorable and negative effects can be differentiated. As already discussed negative and positive conflicts can be easily identified. The positive conflicts are definitely lower in intensity. Thus organizations need cooperative conflict management and this involves bringing about positive form of conflict from the negative ones. There are certain guidelines that can be strictly laid out in the form of protocols which can help mitigate certain negative influences. References Australia, S. W. (2013). Preventing and Responding to Workplace Bullying Draft Code of Practice. Brubaker, D., Noble, C., Fincher, R., Park, S. K. Y., Press, S. (2014). Conflict Resolution in the Workplace: What Will the Future Bring?.Conflict Resolution Quarterly,31(4), 357-386. Brunetto, Y., Xerri, M., Shriberg, A., Farr?Wharton, R., Shacklock, K., Newman, S., Dienger, J. (2013). The impact of workplace relationships on engagement, well?being, commitment and turnover for nurses in Australia and the USA.Journal of Advanced Nursing,69(12), 2786-2799. Dollard, M. F., Shimazu, A., Nordin, R. B., Brough, P., Tuckey, M. R. (Eds.). (2014).Psychosocial factors at work in the Asia Pacific(pp. 3-26). Springer. Forsyth, A. (2012). Workplace conflict resolution in Australia: The dominance of the public dispute resolution framework and the limited role of ADR.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(3), 476-494. Gilbert, J. A., Raffo, D. M., Sutarso, T. (2013). Gender, Conflict, and Workplace Bullying: Is Civility Policy the Silver Bullet?.Journal of Managerial Issues,25(1), 79. Haslam, D. M., Sanders, M. R., Sofronoff, K. (2013). Reducing work and family conflict in teachers: A randomised controlled trial of Workplace Triple P.School mental health,5(2), 70-82. Lee, Rebekah Yeaun, Rebekah Moles, and Betty Chaar. "Mifepristone (RU486) in Australian pharmacies: the ethical and practical challenges."Contraception91, no. 1 (2015): 25-30. Liu, M. (2014). Conflict resolution in China. McKenzie, D. M. (2015). The role of mediation in resolving workplace relationship conflict.International journal of law and psychiatry,39, 52-59. Roche, W. K., Teague, P., Colvin, A. J. (Eds.). (2014).The Oxford handbook of conflict management in organizations. Oxford University Press. Roeters, A., Craig, L. (2014). Part-time work, womens worklife conflict, and job satisfaction: A cross-national comparison of Australia, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 0020715214543541. Schmidt, S., Roesler, U., Kusserow, T., Rau, R. (2014). Uncertainty in the workplace: Examining role ambiguity and role conflict, and their link to depressiona meta-analysis.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(1), 91-106.

The Causes Of The Great Depression Essay Example For Students

The Causes Of The Great Depression Essay Causes of the Great DepressionIn 1929 the stock market crashed, triggering the worst depression ever in U.S. history, which lasted for about a decade. During the 1920s, the unequal distribution of wealth and the stock market speculation combined to create an unstable economy by the end of the decade. The unequal distribution of the wealth had several outlets. Money was distributed between industry and agriculture within the U.S.; in social classes, between the rich and middle class; and lastly in world markets, between America and Europe. Due to the imbalance of the wealth, the economy became very unstable. The stock market crashed because of the excessive speculation in the 1920s, which made the stock market artificially high (Galbraith 175). The poor distribution of the wealth, excessive speculation, and the stock market crashes caused the U.S. economy to fail, signaling the start of the Great Depression. The 1920s were a time when the American people and the economy were thriving. This period of time was called the Roaring Twenties. Unemployment dropped as low as 3 percent, prices held steady, and the gross national product climbed from $70 billion in 1922 to nearly $100 billion in1929 (EV 525). However, the prosperity of the 1920s was not shared evenly among the social classes in America. A study conducted by the Brookings Institution stated, 78 percent of all American families had incomes of less than $3,000. Forty percent had family incomes of less than $1,500. Only 2.3 percent of the population enjoyed incomes of over $10,000. Sixty thousand American families held savings which amounted to the total held by the bottom 25 million families. (Goldston 26). The 40 percent of Americans at the lowest end of the economic scale received only 12 percent of the national income by 1929 (EV 549). This maldistribution of income between the rich and the middle class increased throughout the 19 20s. A major reason for this large and growing gap between the upper class and the working class Americans was that the manufacturing output increased throughout this period. As the production costs fell, wages went up slowly, and prices for goods remained at a constant. The majority of the benefits created by increased productivity fell into the hands of corporate owners. The federal government also helped to make the growing gap between the upper and middle classes. President Calvin Coolidges administration favored business, and as a result, the wealthy invested in these businesses. An example of this type of legislation is the Revenue Act of 1926, which significantly reduced income and inheritance taxes (Goldston 23). The introduction of credit to the American public proved to choke the economy rather than to stimulate it. To make an economy run properly, the total demand must equal total supply. The economy of the 1920s produced an over supply of goods. It was not that the surpl us products were not wanted, but that the people who needed them could not afford the products. The working class spent most of their money on things they needed: food, shelter, and clothes. They also purchased some luxury items, but their income limited them to only a few of these purchases. Meanwhile, the rich were enjoying their increased profits. While the vast majority did not have enough money to satisfy all of their material wants and needs, the manufactures continued to produce surplus goods. Recognizing that the surpluses could be sold if consumers were financially able to buy them, the concept of buying on credit was established. Credit was immediately popular. Nearing the end of the decade, 75 percent of all automobiles were purchased on credit (EV 526). The credit system created artificial demand for products which people could not usually buy. People could not spend their regular wages to purchase products, because much of their income went toward their credit payments. .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b , .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b .postImageUrl , .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b , .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b:hover , .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b:visited , .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b:active { border:0!important; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b:active , .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc239fb4420ff1cc3bd7fa382727cf55b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Black Elk Speaks EssayThe poor distribution of wealth within the U.S extended to entire industries, helping one at the expense of another. The prosperity of the decade was not shared among the industries equally. While the automotive industry was thriving in the 1920s, some industries, such as agriculture, were declining steadily. Most of the industries that were prospering in the 1920s were in some